Ozone monitoring instrument
The ozone monitoring instrument (OMI)[1] is a nadir-viewing visual and ultraviolet spectrometer aboard the NASA Aura spacecraft. Aura flies in formation about 15 minutes behind Aqua, both of which orbit the Earth in a polar Sun-synchronous pattern, and which provides nearly global coverage in one day Aura was launched on July 15, 2004, and OMI has collected data since August 9, 2004.[2]
OMI project
[edit]The OMI project is a cooperation between the Netherlands Agency for Aerospace Programmes (NIVR), the Finnish Meteorological Institute (FMI) and the National Aeronautics and Space Agency (NASA).
The OMI project was carried out under the direction of the NIVR and financed by the Ministries of Economic Affairs, Transport and Public Works and the Ministry of Education and Science. The instrument was built by Dutch Space in co-operation with Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research Science and Industry and Netherlands Institute for Space Research. The Finnish industry supplied the electronics. The scientific part of the OMI project is managed by KNMI (principal investigator Prof. Dr. P. F. Levelt), in close co-operation with NASA and the Finnish Meteorological Institute.
Scientific objectives and atmospheric monitoring
[edit]One of the scientific objectives of OMI is to measure trace gases: O3, NO2[3], SO2[4], HCHO[5], BrO[6], and OClO. However, OMI sensors can distinguish between aerosol types, such as smoke, dust, and sulfates[7], and can measure cloud pressure[8][7] and coverage, which provide data to derive tropospheric ozone[9]. In that regard OMI follows in the heritage of TOMS (although OMI aims to detect emissions in volcanic eruptions with up to at least 100 times more sensitivity than TOMS), SBUV, GOME, SCIAMACHY, and GOMOS. The Ozone Monitoring Instrument has been proved an useful platform to monitor other traces gases like Glyoxal[10] and variables like surface UV radiation[11].
Instrument Information
[edit]The instrument observes Earth's backscattered radiation and uses two imaging grating spectrometers, and each grating spectrometer is coupled to a CCD detector.
Spectral Information
[edit]| Channel | Total Range | Full Performance Range | FWHM | ASSD (nm/pixel) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| UV-1 | 264-311 nm | 270-310 nm | 0.63 | 0.33 |
| UV-2 | 307-383 nm | 310-365 nm | 0.42 | 0.14 |
| VIS | 349-504 nm | 365-504 nm | 0.63 | 0.21 |
OMI measurements cover a spectral region of 264–504 nm (nanometers) with a spectral resolution between 0.42 nm and 0.63 nm and a nominal ground footprint of 13 × 24 km2 at nadir. This spectral coverage is divided in three different channels two of them in the ultraviolet range, and one in the visible spectrum. Note that the ground pixel size of the UV-1 channel is twice as large in the swath direction compared to the other two channels, this optical design of the UV channel were done to reduce straylight in this wavelength range[12].
Orbital Information
[edit]The Aura satellite orbits at an altitude of 705 km in a sun-synchronous polar orbit with an exact 16-day repeat cycle and with a local equator crossing time of 13. 45 ( 1:45 P.M.) on the ascending node. The orbital inclination is 98.1 degrees, providing latitudinal coverage from 82° N to 82° S. It is a wide-field-imaging spectrometer with a 114° across-track viewing angle range that provides a 2600 km wide swath, enabling measurements with a daily global coverage. OMI is continuing the TOMS record for total ozone and other atmospheric parameters related to ozone chemistry and climate.
References
[edit]- ^ Levelt, P.F.; van den Oord, G.H.J.; Dobber, M.R.; Malkki, A.; Huib Visser; Johan de Vries; Stammes, P.; Lundell, J.O.V.; Saari, H. (31 May 2006). "The ozone monitoring instrument". IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing. 44 (5): 1093–1101. Bibcode:2006ITGRS..44.1093L. doi:10.1109/TGRS.2006.872333. ISSN 0196-2892.
- ^ "Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) Data User's Guide" (PDF). NASA. 5 January 2012.
- ^ Lamsal, Lok N.; Krotkov, Nickolay A.; Vasilkov, Alexander; Marchenko, Sergey; Qin, Wenhan; Yang, Eun-Su; Fasnacht, Zachary; Joiner, Joanna; Choi, Sungyeon; Haffner, David; Swartz, William H.; Fisher, Bradford; Bucsela, Eric (21 January 2021). "Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) Aura nitrogen dioxide standard product version 4.0 with improved surface and cloud treatments". Atmospheric Measurement Techniques. 14 (1): 455–479. Bibcode:2021AMT....14..455L. doi:10.5194/amt-14-455-2021. ISSN 1867-1381.
- ^ Fioletov, Vitali E.; McLinden, Chris A.; Krotkov, Nickolay; Li, Can; Joiner, Joanna; Theys, Nicolas; Carn, Simon; Moran, Mike D. (15 September 2016). "A global catalogue of large SO2 sources and emissions derived from the Ozone Monitoring Instrument". Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics. 16 (18): 11497–11519. doi:10.5194/acp-16-11497-2016. ISSN 1680-7316.
- ^ Marais, E. A.; Jacob, D. J.; Guenther, A.; Chance, K.; Kurosu, T. P.; Murphy, J. G.; Reeves, C. E.; Pye, H. O. T. (1 August 2014). "Improved model of isoprene emissions in Africa using Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) satellite observations of formaldehyde: implications for oxidants and particulate matter". Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics. 14 (15): 7693–7703. Bibcode:2014ACP....14.7693M. doi:10.5194/acp-14-7693-2014. ISSN 1680-7316.
- ^ Suleiman, Raid M.; Chance, Kelly; Liu, Xiong; González Abad, Gonzalo; Kurosu, Thomas P.; Hendrick, Francois; Theys, Nicolas (4 April 2019). "OMI total bromine monoxide (OMBRO) data product: algorithm, retrieval and measurement comparisons". Atmospheric Measurement Techniques. 12 (4): 2067–2084. Bibcode:2019AMT....12.2067S. doi:10.5194/amt-12-2067-2019. ISSN 1867-1381.
- ^ a b Levelt, Pieternel F.; Joiner, Joanna; Tamminen, Johanna; Veefkind, J. Pepijn; Bhartia, Pawan K.; Stein Zweers, Deborah C.; Duncan, Bryan N.; Streets, David G.; Eskes, Henk; van der A, Ronald; McLinden, Chris; Fioletov, Vitali; Carn, Simon; de Laat, Jos; DeLand, Matthew (24 April 2018). "The Ozone Monitoring Instrument: overview of 14 years in space". Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics. 18 (8): 5699–5745. Bibcode:2018ACP....18.5699L. doi:10.5194/acp-18-5699-2018. ISSN 1680-7316.
- ^ Note that several studies of OMI retrievals indicate that the cloud pressures derived from OMI measure an average pressure reached by solar photons inside a cloud.
- ^ Mielonen, T.; de Haan, J. F.; van Peet, J. C. A.; Eremenko, M.; Veefkind, J. P. (9 February 2015). "Towards the retrieval of tropospheric ozone with the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI)". Atmospheric Measurement Techniques. 8 (2): 671–687. Bibcode:2015AMT.....8..671M. doi:10.5194/amt-8-671-2015. ISSN 1867-1381.
- ^ Kwon, Hyeong‐Ahn; González Abad, Gonzalo; Chan Miller, Christopher; Hall, Kirsten R.; Nowlan, Caroline R.; O’Sullivan, Ewan; Wang, Huiqun; Chong, Heesung; Ayazpour, Zolal; Liu, Xiong; Chance, Kelly (September 2024). "Updated OMI Glyoxal Column Measurements Using Collection 4 Level 1B Radiances". Earth and Space Science. 11 (9). doi:10.1029/2024EA003705. ISSN 2333-5084.
- ^ Tanskanen, A.; Krotkov, N.A.; Herman, J.R.; Arola, A. (24 April 2006). "Surface ultraviolet irradiance from OMI". IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing. 44 (5): 1267–1271. doi:10.1109/TGRS.2005.862203. ISSN 0196-2892.
- ^ Instituut, Koninklijk Nederlands Meteorologisch (22 November 2019). "Instrument - Ozone Monitoring Instrument - KNMI Projects". www.knmiprojects.nl. Retrieved 4 November 2024.
External links
[edit]- OMI webpage at NASA.gov
- OMI webpage at KNMI.nl
- Tropospheric Emission Monitoring Internet Service (TEMIS)
- https://docserver.gesdisc.eosdis.nasa.gov/repository/Mission/OMI/3.3_ScienceDataProductDocumentation/3.3.2_ProductRequirements_Designs/README.OMI_DUG.pdf
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